The plan that preserved the balance between slave and free states in the senate was the

Missouri Compromise

In an effort to preserve the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states, the Missouri Compromise was passed in 1820 admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

Explanation:

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the chair is the committee member from the majority party who has the most seniority. in the south carolina senate, the chair is the committee member from the majority party who has the most committee seniority.