n Charleston, South Carolina, about one-fifth of the city's population consisted of various ethnic minorities, but only 12 percent of the employees hired in the public sector were minorities. The city government responded to this issue by increasing minority group members' participation in public contracts. This special program taken up by the government authorities is an example of

"Affirmative action" is the right answer.

Explanation:

answer; i believe the first answer to be (independent; /// and the second answer is (french); good luck

"choosing is refusing" means individuals face an opportunity cost with each decision they make. economists state that every decision involves trade-offs. opportunity cost is the least desirable alternative given up as a result of a decision.