uan, a nine-year-old boy, wanders away from his father during a visit to the supermarket. After being found 30 minutes later, he tells his father that he wanted to look at the Halloween decorations a little longer. Although he expects his father to be angry with him, he believes that his father would stop being upset if he saw the decorations were attractive. He fails to consider that his father might feel differently. According to Robert Selman, this scenario illustrates