Briefly describe how the developments in the first half of the 1800s discussed in the excerpt relate to earlier developments in the second half of the 1700s. Briefly describe how ONE piece of evidence from the first half of the nineteenth century could be used to support, modify, or refute the argument made in the excerpt.

answer is b.shrapnel

it's

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.

well this isn't a question but if you are asking if it is true or false it is, true.