Research by Leventhal and his colleagues (1967) was described in the text. In the experiment, the researchers showed one group of smokers a film depicting the ravages of lung cancer, gave another group of smokers a pamphlet with instructions on how to quit smoking, and exposed a third group to both the film and the pamphlets. People in the last group reduced their smoking significantly more than people in the other two groups because .fear was aroused and they were provided a means to reduce that fearthey were relatively light smokersthe combination increased their confidence in their ability to quitprior to the study, they reported more failed attempts to quit