How have the cultures of the Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires endured in Africa?

(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)(b)

well this isn't a question but if you are asking if it is true or false it is, true.

answer; ewing's sarcoma;