In trace conditioning, the: a. CS begins before the US and ends before the onset of the US.
b. US begins before the CS and stays on until the CS has occurred.
c. CS begins before the US and stays on until the US has occurred.
d. US begins before the CS and ends before the onset of the CS.

a. CS begins before the US and ends before the onset of the US.

Explanation:

Trace conditioning: In psychology, the term "trace conditioning" is described as one of the types of "classical conditioning" whereby the UCS or unconditioned stimulus & CS or conditioned stimulus are being presented individually with a specific time-interval in-between.

In other words, in "trace conditioning", the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are being isolated in time by a "trace interval".

In the question above, the given statement represents option-a as the correct answer.

answer; individualist culture;