According to Shaw and Barry, utilitarians focus on human well-being and ignore animal welfare. oppose animal experimentation in principle. should include nonhuman animal pleasures and pains in the overall utilitarian calculus. are likely to favor factory farming.

Ratification of the constitution did not come easy. two groups fought over whether or not the constitution was a good government for us: the federalists and anti-federalists. if these factions existed today, which group do you think you would support? compose a paragraph explaining which group you would support. explain why you would support either group by including at least 3 examples of beliefs you support/disagree with.

Aplaintiff filed a civil action based on negligence against a defendant in federal district court, alleging that the defendant negligently ran a red light at an intersection and collided with the plaintiff's vehicle, causing the plaintiff's injuries. a week after the close of discovery, the plaintiff filed a motion for summary judgment on the issue of whether the defendant was negligent. with the motion, the plaintiff filed (i) his own sworn affidavit, which stated that the traffic signal was green as he entered the intersection, (ii) an affidavit of a witness who was driving the car behind him, which stated that the witness saw the entire incident and that the plaintiff's traffic signal was green as he approached and entered the intersection; and (iii) an affidavit of another witness, which stated that she saw the entire incident and that the defendant's signal had been red for several seconds before the defendant entered the intersection and was still red when the defendant entered the intersection. the defendant filed a response to the motion, noting that her answer denied negligence and further denied that her traffic signal was red, and argued that the issue of negligence and the issue of whether her traffic signal was red were in dispute, so those issues should be tried to a jury. how should the court rule on the plaintiff's motion?

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