Dr. Java is interested in marketing his super-hyper espresso and believes that his coffee will make students perform better on exams. He studied 200 college students who had similar grades. He had his research assistants give half of the students a decaffeinated super-hyper espresso and the other half his caffeinated super-hyper espresso. Participants were not told which beverage they were given, and the research assistants did not know which beverage was in each cup. He gave the entire group the same final exam and found that the caffeine group performed significantly better on the exam. Given the above example, identify the following portions of the research study. a. caffeine did indeed increase test scores.
b. Caffeine intake before an exam will significantly increase test scores.
c. Students drinking the decaffeinated espresso.
d. Drinking containing caffeine.
e. Students drinking the Super-Hype espresso.