Why have the countries of the region had difficulty establishing democratic governments in recent years? (This is off the K12 Test)

What are some similarities between islam and judaism?

Which of the following best summarizes the idea represented by this graph?

Martha participates in a research study in order to receive extra credit for her psychology class. when she arrives in the research office she is given a can of what looks and tastes like beer, but which actually contains no alcohol. in the adjoining room martha's classmate karen is also participating in the study. karen receives a can of alcoholic beer. if the experiment was designed to test the effects of alcohol on concentration, then who is exposed to the independent variable?