2. A scientist is studying a substance that is cycled through ecosystems. Which of the following substances might the scientist be studying? soil copper glucose nitrogen 3. What is energy? the ability to do work anything that has mass anything that takes up space the ability to conduct current
4. Which phrase best describes a consumer in a food web? an organism that forms the base of the food chain an organism that breaks down dead plants and animals an organism that gets its energy by eating plants or animals an organism that converts light energy into chemical energy

5. Carbon exists in many forms on Earth. The diagram below shows part of the carbon cycle. Ask your teacher to describe the diagram to you. What is happening in Step 1? Animals are decomposing and releasing carbon into the soil Animals are releasing energy into the environment and storing carbon Animals are converting carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to oxygen Animals are breaking down organic molecules and releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

6. How are tropical plants such as bromeliads adapted to the biome in which they live? They grow from tree branches rather than the forest floor, which helps them to absorb more sunlight They have long, thick roots, which helps them to gather the nutrients that are found deep within the soil They have hollow leaves and stems for storing water, which helps them to survive long periods with little rainfall They lose their leaves during the winter, which helps them to save energy when the temperature falls and prevents the buildup of snow
7. A researcher is investigating the plants shown below. Two cactus. Which biome is the researcher most likely studying? taiga desert tropical rain forest grassland
8. What important role does fire play in a grassland biome? It helps seeds germinate It spreads seeds to distant location

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