Imagine you are hired by the California Avocado Commission to investigate how in-store advertising of Avocados affects organic avocado sales. The Avocado Commission partneredwith stores in Beverley Hills to advertise organic avocados in their produce section. They wantyou to run a regression of avocado sales on the amount of money spent on in-store advertising. Based on the results of the study, the are going to decide whether to expand this add campaignto the rest of the state. (a) Does this seem like a representative sample to you? Why or why not? If not, what can yousay with this data?
(b) Imagine the commission makes any changes to the data set you give above. Now do you thinkyou’re results will be causal? What may be some other variables you want to control for?
(c) Pretend you cannot get any of the variables you list above. Lets try tosign the bias. Chooseany one of the variables you list. Draw a Venn diagram like we did in class. Try to figure outwhat sign the bias will be.
(d) The Avocado Commission is worried about controlling for the distance from a store to thenearest farmer’s market. They want you to include the distance to the nearest farmer’smarket. One person on The Commission points out that there are a lot of families whovisit California from other countries. He suggests including both the distance to the nearestfarmer’s market in milesandin kilometers because the people from outside of the U. S. willthink of the distance in kilometers. Do you think this is a good idea? Why or why not?Explain any technicalities that help support your answer.

Aunitary state is a form of state where power is concentrated and there is a single center of power that extends its actions throughout the territory of the respective state. this, through its agents and local authorities, delegates of that same central power, and in its majority; it can count on a single legislating apparatus; except for certain exceptions, which legislate for the entire country; a judicial power, which applies the current law to the entire territory of the state and within which a supreme court of justice is established, which has jurisdiction at the national level; a single executive power, that is conformed by all the governors (president, governors, mayors, etc.); and a single political constitution, which governs all the territory and to which all the authorities and inhabitants of the state are subject.a confederation (from the latin: confœderatĭo) consists of the union of states that retain their sovereignty and are governed by certain common laws. initially there was talk of "confederation" in the case of alliances, for this reason the word "confederation" is still used in non-governmental civil society institutions. for this reason, the term confederation is also used to describe any type of organization that combines the authority derived from other semi-autonomous entities. in this case, sports confederations can be cited as some examples. however, the word confederation takes much more relevance when it comes to some permanent alliance of states or some association or association of states.characteristics of a federal government system

  a) written constitution. also known as magna carta and a necessity of the democracies that form federations to regulate the principles by which the government will be governed, because if they had to act without a body of specific laws would produce confrontations.

b) territorial division. federalism is constituted by the division of powers on the geographical basis of each territory.

c) decentralization. in a federal system there is both a central government and units of government lower than the central one, each making decisions regarding the provision of certain public services in their respective geographical jurisdictions.

d) supreme court of justice. to counteract the rigidity of the written constitution, judicial action is required to interpret said constitution and necessary changes can be made.