The idea of is based on the notion that people make implicit social comparisons with others when making ratings on scales, rather than relying on direct inferences about a private, personal value system (Peng, Nisbett,

Reference Group Effect

Explanation:

The idea of the reference group effect to be based on the notion that people make implicit social comparisons with others when making ratings on scales, rather than relying on direct inferences about a private, personal value system

was revealed by Peng, K., Nisbett, R. E., Wong, N. Y. C. (1997) in their article "Validity problems comparing values across cultures and possible solutions. Psychological Methods, 2(4), 329-344"

The Reference-group effects are found to occur when there are reponses to self-report issues which are not related to the respondents' absolute level of construct. It is usually on their level that is relative to a salient comparison group.

the united states has a federal government. the president is the head of the federal government of the united states. however, each state forms its government for administration purposes. the powers of the state governments are exercised within restricted state boundaries. and citizens participate in this government by voting.

the anti federalists was a movement that was opposed to the creation of a us federal government. although they were not as organized as the federalists, they also had a large group of leaders, especially in state politics.

the statement "now, in a large extended country, it is impossible to have a representation, possessing the sentiments, and of integrity, to declare the minds of the people” represents the concerns of the anti federalists.

they strongly believed that the federalists were representing the interests of aristocratic elements of society at the expense of the majority of ordinary people, who lived in a rural society.

their fear for the creation of a strong federal government and the president’s power of veto in their opinion would create a tyrannical rule that would dominate the people. they defended the importance of restraining the government’s power towards people at any cost.