f asked, "Which is more probable? A. The New York Yankees will not be in the lead after the first half of the baseball season but will win their division. B. The New York Yankees will not be in the lead after the first half of the baseball season." Most people would answer A, although A is less likely to be true than B. According to Tversky and Kahneman, such faulty conclusions are based on

the the representativeness heuristic

Explanation:

The representativeness heuristic was proposed by psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman in the early 1970s. This heuristic is used in making judgements or rather "near approximations" under uncertainty. it works by judging an event based on how similar it is to a parent event/population or a past event that looks just like it. This heuristic is however prone to errors and therefore is a bias since events may be wrongly judged even they appear similar to a parent event  

productive most commonly means: achieving or producing a significant amount or result.

explanation:

productive can also mean:

these depend on how the word productive is used. most likely productive will mean   achieving or producing a significant amount or result.