Externalities are affects

spillover

always negative

intended

Question: Externalities are effects

spillover

always negative

intended

spillover

Explanation:

externalities occur when transaction between buyer and seller affect a third party who isn't directly involved in the exchange. In other words the third party did not choose to incur this cost. This could be positive or negative and is also termed spillover. for example manufacturing activities that cost third parties health costs are a good example. government usually impose taxes on externalities such as this

the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.