The Columbian Exchange had an effect on all of the following EXCEPT the a) introduction of new products/items to the Americas

b)spread of European disease to the Native Americans

c)the Native Americans forming an alliance with Spain

d) introduction of new products/items to Europe

c)the Native Americans forming an alliance with Spain

Explanation:

The Colombian Exchange which is named after Christopher Columbus, refers to the general transfer or resources, ideas and diseases between between the New World, Africa, and European nations in the 15th and 16th centuries.

The Native Americans were viewed as inferior by the Spanish who would go on to massacre quite a lot of them to have easy access to their resources such as gold. They enslaved them and took their lands and became their government and instead of fostering a cooperative alliance, simply ruled over them and in many cases very harshly.

answer; ///it examines the interaction between genetics and culture in shaping human biology;

trade regulation is a field of law, often bracketed with antitrust (as in the phrase “antitrust and trade regulation law”), including government regulation of unfair methods of competition and unfair or deceptive business acts or practices. antitrust law is often considered a subset of trade regulation law. franchise and distribution law, consumer protection law, and advertising law are sometimes considered parts of trade regulation law.

in general the theory of economics says that the more open to trade a country is the better   the result for the same country and the whole economies.

in real life countries impose taxes, quotas, etc which is not so good for the economies.

this kind of commercial war between the usa and china is slowing down the growth of the whole world so we can say that it is a draw back of trade regulations. and the free trade agreements are benefits of trade regulations.