To what Body System does this structure belong to?
What disease is shown in the picture? How do you know?

The transport or circulatory system.

Disease: atherosclerosis.

How do I know: presence of a blood vessel (as indicated by the red blood cells within it) and the deposit of fat and/or cholesterol within the walls of the blood vessel.

the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.