Mary listened to the campus president speak on the radio at the same time that Jamal was part of the audience in the hall where the president was speaking. later, Mary said she thought the president's words stated clearly that he opposed an increase in tuition fees. But Jamal said that the way the president avoided looking at students when he talked about tuition made it seem the president actually supported an increase in tuition fees. The difference in the messages Mary and Jamal received most likely resulted from the fact that