A researcher runs an experiment to test the effect of a new drug designed to treat anxiety. The researcher gives one group of people the drug and a different group of people a placebo drug (sugar pill). Then the researcher measured, for each group, the amount of anxiety in each person. In this example, the independent variable is , while the dependent variable is .

In a publicly held corporation, - o stockholders rarely trade their stocks o stocks are not usually traded at stock exchanges o a large number of stockholders can buy and sell stock o family members are excluded from holding stock

Awaiver of the requirement for documentation of informed consent may be granted when: the investigator has no convenient place to store signed consent forms separate from the research datathe only record linking the subject and the research is the consent document and the principal risk is a breach of confidentiality.potential subjects might find some of the research questions embarrassing, personal, or intrusivethe subjects are literate in their own language; however, they do not read, write, or speak english

Abrief, "first-step" presentation of a work to be completed is called a