How are the conflicts in Sudan and Somalia similar? How are they different?

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Explanation:

Conflict appears an intractable feature of the Horn of Africa. Months of negotiations from 2002 to 2004 brought peace agreements close in two countries that had long been experiencing internal struggles, Somalia and Sudan. Peacemaking in Somalia and Sudan seemed a forlorn hope for much of the 1990s, in spite of repeated efforts. A new dimension was added to peacemaking in the Horn with the emergence in 1986 of the Inter‐Governmental Authority for Development (IGAD), founded in response to the famine that swept across the more arid parts of the region in 1984–85. The organization increasingly turned its attention to peacemaking, encouraged by the wider international community. After 11 September 2001 the international spotlight turned back on areas that had actual or potential significance for Islamist terrorists, including Sudan, while Somalia was seen as a stateless territory with possible opportunities for al‐Qaeda. The author follows the separate ensuing negotiations, and assesses their international and regional significance.