As president Warren Harding: a) never abandoned the party hacks who had brought him to success. b) sought a revival of progressive reform. c) proposed the United States join the League of Nations. d) saw his administration end with his defeat for reelection in 1924. e) had no sense of his own intellectual limits.

a) never abandoned the party hacks who had brought him to success.

Explanation: Warren harding never abandoned the party hacks because their intentions were more aligned with his winning than personal agendas or objectives, this was noticeable in him winning the 1920 elections which made him the 29th president of the United States, thus led him to become loyal to his party hacks.

i want to say death; parole, probation, and fines are still being used all the time.

could you go a bit more in depth with you question? it's quite hard to understand. as soon as you do that i will be glad to : )