Harry is abstaining from drinking. To help him overcome his alcohol addiction, he has joined a running club. He meets them every day after work. He has also begun giving excuses to avoid meeting his coworkers for drinks. Harry is most likely in the stage of the change model.

Withdrawal stage

Explanation:

For many people seeking to get over an addiction or put away a bad habit, they usually go through different stages while trying to stop the addiction or bad habit.

Here, Harry is in the withdrawal stage of this addiction to drinking. First, he has joined a running club. Joining the running club can serve one out of many purposes which is trying to keep him healthy and away from alcohol. He is withdrawing from drinking by staying healthy and running in his spare time to overcome the alcohol addiction.

His second act was avoiding his coworkers who are also his drinking partners. He's trying to withdraw by deliberately keeping himself out of reach of alcohol and friends who would make him drink.

The withdrawal stage in any addiction treatment is one of the hardest stage because the recovering addict feels the string urge to indulge in his addiction but he does other things to keep his mind off it and avoid all triggers.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.        

q1: artillery

q2: simon bolivar

q3:   their workers and farmers demanded a return to spanish rule.

q4: drafted new constitutions

q5: oligarchies have replaced monarchies