Over the last 100 years, the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment have become the vehicle for:
a. government regulation of business and industry.
b expansive constitutional interpretation to outlaw arbitrary classifications which deny equality under the law.
c. extending the right to vote to non-whites, women, and 18-year-olds. d. limiting the national government's ability to interfere in matters affecting individual states.

expansive constitutional interpretation to outlaw arbitrary classifications which deny  equality under the law.

Explanation: The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868 to address citizenship rights and equal protection. The amendment has since become a vehicle for expansive constitutional interpretation to outlaw arbitrary classifications which deny  equality under the law.

expansive constitutional interpretation to outlaw arbitrary classifications which deny equality under the law.

Explanation:

Fourteenth Amendment, amendment (1868) to the Constitution of the United States that granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to African Americans and slaves who had been emancipated after the American Civil War, including them under the umbrella phrase “all persons born or naturalized in the United States.

The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was primarily intended to establish equal civil rights for former slaves. It was passed by Congress on June 13, 1866, and ratified by the states as of July 9, 1868. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

The 14th Amendment contained three major provisions:

The Citizenship Clause granted citizenship to All persons born or naturalized in the United States.

The Due Process Clause declared that states may not deny any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law."

The Equal Protection Clause said that a state may not deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.