Edge cities have developed as suburban counterparts to .
1. the traditional downtown areas of large central cities
2. the traditional factory zones of large central cities
3. the traditional transitional zones of large central cities
4. the tradition bedroom communities of large central cities

Answer is 1. The traditional downtown areas of large central cities.

Refer below.

Explanation:

Edge cities have developed as suburban counterparts to the traditional downtown areas of large central cities.

The best answer is option "1"

The traditional downtown areas of large central cities.

Explanation:

Edge city is a term used to describe for a concentration of business, shopping, and entertainment outside a traditional downtown or central business district, in what had previously been a suburban residential or rural area.

A suburban is a mixed-use of residential area, mostly as a part of a city or urban area or as a separate residential community within commuting distance of a city. Suburbs increases rapidly in number around cities that have an abundance of adjacent flat land.

for many centuries there were important factors which the economies of the muslim empires developed increasingly. they applied economic procedures in production, investment, finance, taxation and property. they used to tax certain goods (for example: harvest), they charged interest on money lent, they signed contracts with merchants; they relied on a common currency, and they used checks as well as promissory notes. with the money collected by means of taxation, the government provided the needy with an income. in addition, trading networks covered huge distances, so far regions started to have contact and exchange goods. this trade network covered areas of asia, africa and europe.