The expectational effect of inflation .1) is nullified as soon as the government promises zero inflation; 2) often plays a role in accelerating inflation; 3) is not directly a monetary cause of inflation.

The correct answer is 2. The expectational effect of inflation often plays a role in accelerating inflation.

Explanation:

For most economists, inflation is defined as an increase in the general price level of goods and services in the economy over a period of time. Equivalently, inflation can be defined as a reduction in the purchasing power of money. The change in the price level for a certain period is indicated by the inflation rate, which is calculated as the ratio of the selected price index at the end and at the beginning of the period. The most used price indices are the consumer price index, the producer price index and the GDP deflator.  In general, economists agree that high inflation is due to excessive money supply growth.  

In general, the expectation of inflation contributes to accelerating the inflationary process. This is so because price makers (sellers of essential inputs such as food or raw materials) seek to anticipate the increases in their basic costs, increasing their sales prices so as not to lose profitability, thus accelerating the chain of price increases, affecting the price stability of the production chain.

the minoan civilization flourished in the middle bronze age on the island of crete located in the eastern mediterranean from c. 2000 bce until c. 1500 bce. with their unique art and architecture, and the spread of their ideas through contact with other cultures across the aegean, the minoans made a significant contribution to the development of western european civilization as it is known today. labyrinth-like palace complexes, vivid frescoes depicting scenes such as bull-leaping and processions, fine gold jewelry, elegant stone vases, and pottery with vibrant decorations of marine life are all particular features of minoan crete.  

so basically their unique way of ding arts, as well as architecture.

the anti federalists was a movement that was opposed to the creation of a us federal government. although they were not as organized as the federalists, they also had a large group of leaders, especially in state politics.

the statement "now, in a large extended country, it is impossible to have a representation, possessing the sentiments, and of integrity, to declare the minds of the people” represents the concerns of the anti federalists.

they strongly believed that the federalists were representing the interests of aristocratic elements of society at the expense of the majority of ordinary people, who lived in a rural society.

their fear for the creation of a strong federal government and the president’s power of veto in their opinion would create a tyrannical rule that would dominate the people. they defended the importance of restraining the government’s power towards people at any cost.