On three separate occasions when she was out in public over the past three months, Vanessa has had to rush home after being overwhelmed by dizzy spells during which her heart pounded and she felt as if she couldn't breathe. On the last occasion she went to the emergency room, but a thorough examination ruled out any medical problem. Nevertheless, Vanessa has become increasingly fearful about having more episodes, and she has restricted her activities to only the most essential outings. Vanessa seems to be displaying symptoms of:

A. post-traumatic stress disorder.
B. generalized anxiety disorder.
C. social phobia.
D. agoraphobia.

D. agoraphobia.              

Explanation:

Agoraphobia: In psychology, the term "agoraphobia" is described as a type of 'anxiety disorder' whereby a person avoids situation or places and feels fear that may lead to create or develop panic, embarrassed, helped, or trapped in a person. Generally, a person starts experiencing agoraphobia by having one or more that one panic attacks that lead to develop fear in the person.

In the question above, the given statement signifies agoraphobia.

51% were unhappy, i think .   ; )

as university of miami psychologists debra lieberman and adam smith pointed out in a recent article in the journal current directions in psychological science, humans have social and psychological mechanisms to deter incest. with very few exceptions, marriages between brothers and sisters and between parents and their children are verboten in every human culture. the primary psychological anti-incest mechanism is the yuck response. even the idea of sex with their mom or dad, bro or sis is upsetting to most people. the psychologist jonathan haidt has found that nearly everyone is repelled by the prospect of brother-sister sex, even in hypothetical situations in which there is no chance of pregnancy).

the biological cost of incest

this raises an interesting question: just what’s so bad about incest? sure, having sex with your dad or your sister seems gross — but why? some anthropologists have argued that incest taboos are learned social conventions. this explanation, however, doesn’t make sense to me as it does not explain the widespread existence of anti-incest mechanisms in creatures ranging from cockroaches to chimpanzees. second, the incest taboo is about as close to a universal law as human moral rules get.

why should mechanisms to avoid incest be so widespread both in nature and across human societies? the answer is simple. the problem with having sex close with relatives is that there is an astonishingly high chance that your offspring will be born with a serious birth defect.