In the context of formal communication channels, is used to give those at lower levels the chance to share their concerns with higher-level authorities.
a. Horizontal communication
b. Upward communication
c. Downward communication
d. Incongruent communication

muslims have taken his goods and products to different parts of asia an indonesia. sometimes just traveled and trade, but in other occasions, stayed in the place and made a living.

trade was the key for muslims economies to prosper. their commerce routes reached far places like malaysia and java in the 11th century.

another important factor for prosperity was that muslim states served as the middle point for european traders.

they used to travel by land but sailing the seas -the indian ocean- really increase the exportation of products.

b) the bill goes to the president.

hope this