Adam, a white male office worker, is upset because he got passed over for a promotion by Joe, a Latino co-worker. Adam now writes hateful emails about Joe to his fellow co-workers. Adam's actions can be categorized as being driven by a motive

criminal-materialist

Explanation:

Based on the scenario being described within the question it can be said that Adam's actions can be categorized as being driven by a criminal-materialist motive. Materialism refers to basing all actions and behaviors on the material aspects of life, such as a promotion, money, cars etc. Therefore since what Adam is doing is a criminal act and also due to the promotion it is considered a criminal-materialist motive.

according to classical republican political theory, which democratic republics would function best?

a.   small republics, with people who had similar interests

b.   large republics, with people who had competing interests

c.   republics made up entirely of landowners

d.   republics made up entirely of servants

they could find out our specific needs.