The map shows travel patterns in Africa in 1400 CE. Find Timbuktu (Tombouctou) on the map. How did cultural diffusion affect the city?

Because Timbuktu was located along trade routes, merchants brought ideas from Morocco, Europe, Arabia, and elsewhere.
Because Timbuktu was located inland, it developed a unique culture unaffected by European and Asian ideas.
Because Timbuktu was located in the Empire of Mali, it adopted a strictly Islamic culture.
Because Timbuktu was close to the Empire of Ghana, the kings of Mali protected it from foreign investment and invasion.