Nathan has been playing golf with his parents for many years. When he goes out for the school baseball team, he has trouble hitting the ball because he keeps confusing the swing of the bat with how he swings a golf club. Nathan's difficulty reflects:

Nathan's difficulty reflects negative transfer.

Explanation:

Negative transfer is the interference of previous knowledge in something you are trying to learn now. It commonly happens when you've learned and practiced something for a long time, to the point it becomes an automatic action or response. For instance, people who are used to driving manual cars find it difficult to drive automatic ones because their natural reaction to shifting gears are no longer needed. That is the case with Nathan. His previous learning of golf is now obstructing the new learning. He is so accustomed to swinging the golf club a certain way that he ends up swinging the bat the same way.

a.indigo and cochineal

b.animal hides

c.silver and gold

e.cacao beans and sugarcane