Indicate whether each statement below is describing a mediation hypothesis, a third-variable argument, or a moderator result. First, identify the key bivariate relationship. Next, decide whether the extra variable comes between the two key variables or is causing the two key variables simultaneously. Then, draw a sketch of each explaining.

a) Having a cognitive demanding job is associated with cognitive benefits in later years, because people who are highly educated take cognitively demanding jobs, and people who are highly educated have better cognitive skills.
b) Having a cognitively demanding job is associated with cognitive benefits in later years but only among men, not among women.
c) Having a cognitively demanding job is associated with cognitive benefits in later years because cognitive challenges build lasting connections in the brain.
d) Sibling aggression is associated with worse child mental health. But the link is especially strong for later born children and is weaker in firstborn children.
e) Sibling aggression is associated with worse child mental health because child victims of sibling’s aggression are more likely to feel lonely at home. Sibling aggression leads to loneliness, which leads to mental health problems.
f) Sibling aggression is associated with worse child mental health only because of parental conflict. Sibling aggression is more likely among parents who argue frequently and arguing also affects kids’ mental health.