Schutz (1958) advanced the notion of three basic interpersonal needs: , control and affection. refers to the need to be with people and to be alone, to have enough contact to avoid loneliness and enough aloneness to avoid enmeshment and enjoy solitude. Control refers to decision-making processes between people and areas of power, influence and authority. It involves the need to achieve enough influence to be able to control important outcomes and to be able to relinquish enough control to be able to lean on others and allow them to take responsibility for outcomes. Affection refers to close personal emotional feelings such as love and hate. It involves the need to avoid being engulfed in emotional entanglements and the need to avoid having too little affection and a life without love and warmth.