As large numbers of European and Asian immigrants streamed into cities, the was developed. This "hierarchical arrangement of party workers, often organized in an urban area" provided immigrants with basic services and in exchange the party could count on a loyal block of voters once the immigrants became naturalized citizens.

Party Machine

Explanation:

As large numbers of European and Asian immigrants streamed into cities, the party machine was developed. This "hierarchical arrangement of party workers, often organized in an urban area" provided immigrants with basic services and in exchange the party could count on a loyal block of voters once the immigrants became naturalized citizens. i was mostly active in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

the answer is a wheel

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.