Jyoti buys her textbooks for the term from the bookstore. When she gets home, she checks the receipt and realizes that the cashier didn’t scan one of the books, so she got it for free! "I just hope I don’t get caught. I’d be punished for sure," she says. Kohlberg would most likely classify Jyoti as being at the level of moral reasoning.

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Jyoti buys her textbooks for the term from the bookstore. When she gets home, she checks the receipt and realizes that the cashier didn’t scan one of the books, so she got it for free! "I just hope I don’t get caught. I’d be punished for sure," she says. Kohlberg would most likely classify Jyoti as being at the preconventional level of moral reasoning.

According to Kohlberg's research, the preconventional level of his Stages of Moral Development means that the individual seriously considers to bey authority due to the consequences or repercussions of its decisions and behavior. This represents the "punishing orientation" or the first stage. The individual's decision is based on the idea of avoiding any kind of punishment.

the first two-party system consisted of the federalist party, who supported the ratification of the constitution, and the democratic-republican party or the anti-administration party (anti-federalists), who opposed the powerful central government, among others, that the constitution established when it took effect in

the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.