Jim is head of the marketing department and must decide how to allocate a fixed amount of funds. There are two tip projects that Jim believes hold the most promise. Recently, the majority of funds have been allocated to project a, but Jim wonders if its time to provide project b with a larger share of the money. Jim decides to assign a particular individual, Clara, to thoroughly criticize the proposal, looking for every possible flaw. Which technique is Jim using to help him make a better decision?Devil's advocacy Personality traits affect how people handle conflict. view outsiders as a threat none

Devil's advocacy

Explanation:

Devil's advocacy could be defined as where an organization allows just an individual to criticize happenings in the firm when decision making is being considered. Other persons are limited with access to such. This action increases productivity in the group and limits group thinking, as most of the thinking is left to an individual, and they are advantageous in avoiding taking expensive risk. Jim's allowance of Clara to view the proposal for criticism is known as the Devil's advocacy.

as university of miami psychologists debra lieberman and adam smith pointed out in a recent article in the journal current directions in psychological science, humans have social and psychological mechanisms to deter incest. with very few exceptions, marriages between brothers and sisters and between parents and their children are verboten in every human culture. the primary psychological anti-incest mechanism is the yuck response. even the idea of sex with their mom or dad, bro or sis is upsetting to most people. the psychologist jonathan haidt has found that nearly everyone is repelled by the prospect of brother-sister sex, even in hypothetical situations in which there is no chance of pregnancy).

the biological cost of incest

this raises an interesting question: just what’s so bad about incest? sure, having sex with your dad or your sister seems gross — but why? some anthropologists have argued that incest taboos are learned social conventions. this explanation, however, doesn’t make sense to me as it does not explain the widespread existence of anti-incest mechanisms in creatures ranging from cockroaches to chimpanzees. second, the incest taboo is about as close to a universal law as human moral rules get.

why should mechanisms to avoid incest be so widespread both in nature and across human societies? the answer is simple. the problem with having sex close with relatives is that there is an astonishingly high chance that your offspring will be born with a serious birth defect.