When Aaron went to daycare, he observed that his peers did not get punished for hitting and kicking the other kids. According to social learning theories, this is an example of learning.

The correct answer is indirect

Theories of social learning originated in behaviorism (behaviorism). They share the principle that the consequences of the behavior influence its repetition. They differ in that cognitive processes not directly observable, such as expectations, thoughts and beliefs, influence the

behavior.

Bandura argues that we learn to observe others. The observation of external models (people, electronic means, books) accelerates learning more than if this behavior had to be carried out by the “apprentice”. You also avoid receiving negative consequences.

Bandura developed experimental observations in children from 3 to 6 years old that focused on imitation.

In the experiment, a group of children watched a film in which adults shouted and beat an inflatable doll in various ways, while another group (control group) was not subjected to viewing any film.

Bandura found that children who had watched the film had twice as many aggressive responses compared to the control group, and that they invented new forms of aggression that had not been observed.

Observational learning involves four elements:

Attention. There is a selection of what we pay attention to, which is crucial for learning by observation. This selection is made according to the characteristics of the model (status / prestige, competence, affective valence), the observer and the activity itself.

Retention. The observed information is encoded, translated and stored in our brain, with an organization in patterns, in the form of images and verbal constructions. Must have what is called a covered practice (be able to repeat imagery or prepositional procedures that he observed or rules) and what is called a behavioral practice (be able to perform repeated and systematic procedures that he observed)

Reproduction. It consists of translating the symbolic conceptions of the behavior stored in memory into the corresponding actions. There may be difficulties with this translation (eg physical disabilities) and therefore, correct execution should be facilitated when teaching someone.

Motivation and Interests. Bandura argues that acquisition is a different process than execution. So for a certain learned behavior to be performed, one must be motivated to do it, which can be achieved through incentives. Experiences show that a model of rewarded behavior is more likely to be imitated by observers than a model whose consequences were not rewarding or even penalizing.

marginal cost is a microeconomic measure that us to evaluate the extent to which the level of production of a good is sustainable in accounting, that is, to how many quantities the company plans to profit from the production of the good.

the concept of marginal cost is simple, it means the cost of producing one more item. for example, in the case of pies, the marginal cost is the cost of producing one more pie than those that have already been produced.

it is important to understand that productive activity influences marginal cost. the marginal cost of some goods can be very high, while others may be insignificant. for example, the marginal cost of producing an extra plane is very high. already the marginal cost of a water company to provide 1l more water is derisory.

in the case of pies, the cost involves the inputs, the labor and the fixed cost, which involves the fixed space of the bakery. the level of production initially has the marginal cost decreasing because there is space and manpower available. however, to produce more you have to hire more workers and buy more inputs. if physical space is limited, workers will conflict with places, inputs and their productivity will decrease, meaning there is an optimum point of production for each level of space and manpower. from this point on, the productivity of the workers will be getting smaller because of lack of space, so that the marginal cost of producing one more pie will be increasing. so, although you have not posted the chart, but if you have the answer, you can see that my explanation goes according to the marginal cost curve that will increase from the 4th pie, answer (c).

answer; adoption agencies tend to place separated twins in similar homes;