An "expectancy x value" theory would predict that motivation will necessarily be Select one: a. close to zero if self-efficacy is low, regardless of goal value. b. zero if either expectation to succeed or the perceived value of a goal is zero. c. zero if only expectation to succeed and the perceived value of a goal are zero. d. zero if self-efficacy and the perceived value of a goal are low.

b. zero if either expectation to succeed or the perceived value of a goal is zero.    

Explanation:

Expectancy x value theory also known as expectancy-value model of expectation asserts that the relationship between value and expectation is multiplicative, that is, if the value and individual puts on a task is zero, that individual will not feel motivated to achieve that task. Conversely, if the value is high but expectation to completing the task is zero, the individual will also not be motivated to complete the task.

sir frederic attributed inaccuracies to schemas. memory reconstruction is one part actual events and one part personal schema, which can result in inaccuracies when memories are reconstructed.