Michael is 13 years old and has both a good relationship with his parents and with a close group of friends who know him well. Some of these friends have engaged in various delinquent activities. One friend, John, is rather aggressive and is liked by some in the group and not others. Michael also has a wider circle of friends from his participation in Boy Scouts and hockey. This is this illustrative of:

Co-offending.

Explanation:

Co-offending, also known as "group crime", occurs when in a group of people, such as a gang, one of the members commit a crime. Be it in presence or not of the other members, they most likely know that it happened but choose to do nothing and carry on, in a way. Such as in the example: Michael has a close group of friends that engage in different delinquent activities, like John who is aggressive. But Michael still chooses to relate to him. He, then, is co-offending.

co-offending

Explanation:

Co- offending can be explained or described as the commission of crime by more than one offenders or persons. It is also known to be a crime incident that involves more offenders or sometimes, more than one offences.

It is always considered or referred to as "group Crime". This means that, a crime or offence committed by group of people.

In this case, the involvement of some of Micheal's friends in various delinquent activities indicate that they are co-offenders.

an important point to remember about correlation is that while there is a _statistical_ relationship correlation does not equal _causation_

the first answer is: statistical

the second answer is: causation