The term global commons refers to:

social norms and values that are common across the globe.
a group of nations that share similar ideologies on globalization.
natural resources from which everyone benefits but for which no one is specifically responsible.
common laws to be obeyed by companies involved in international business.
arrangements, like common currencies, between countries to simplify international trading.

Natural resources from which everyone benefits but for which no one is specifically responsible.

Explanation:

Global means the whole world and its components. The world benefits fromthe sun, moon , vegetation and so on,however no one claims ownership or responsibilities for their functions.

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the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.