When Kevin starts hitting his brother, his Dad takes Kevin’s arms and holds them immobile so that Kevin cannot continue to hit his brother. Which punishment procedure is Kevin’s Dad using?

Kevin's dad is using physical restraint

Explanation:

In other words, Kevin's dad is immobilizing his son to avoid the physical attacks, and also, avoiding he hurts his brother and himself. It's a traditional way to create control over something or someone, putting it closer to you and maintaining physically immobilized.

according to classical republican political theory, which democratic republics would function best?

a.   small republics, with people who had similar interests

b.   large republics, with people who had competing interests

c.   republics made up entirely of landowners

d.   republics made up entirely of servants