A scientist conditions a dog to salivate in response to the sound of a high-pitched tone. The researcher then presents a low-pitched tone. The dog fails to salivate. The dog is demonstrating:

discrimination

Explanation: Discrimination in the context of conditioning refers to the the ability of an individual or animal to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus which requires the animal to give a signal when heard and other similar stimulus which when heard does not evoke a signal.

In the scenario above, the dog was conditioned to salivate in response to the sound of a high-pitched tone, which is the conditioned stimulus, Therefore, the failure of the dog to salivate upon hearing the sound of a low-pitched tone shows the dog has distinguished or made a distinction between a low and a high pitched sound.

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