Dr. Richman is conducting research on whether women perform worse on a math test when they are asked to indicate their gender prior to taking the text. Dr. Richman is exploring the concept of

stereotype threat                                                                                          

Explanation:

Stereotype threat: In psychology, the term "stereotype threat" is determined as one of the "situational predicament or difficulty" in which individuals are or feel about themselves in a position of risk related to stereotypes conforming associated with their particular social group. In academic performances, the stereotype threat is considered as one of the purposeful contributing factors related to the long-lasting gender or racial gaps.

In the question above, Dr. Richman is exploring the concept of stereotype threat.

sumerians were polytheistic, meaning they believed in many different gods. so, the best answer is c.