Alastair has used classical conditioning to train his dog to salivate every time Ingo whistles a C#. After the dog has mastered this association, Alastair then pairs a flashing light with the sound of a whistled C#, and finds that over time, his dog now salivates to the flashing light. Which principle of classical conditioning is at work here?

Higher order conditioning or Second order Conditioning

Explanation:

In the scenario presented in the question, it is shown that Alastair is conditioning the dog using the natural stimulus and pairing external stimulus with it to condition a response out of it.

This is known as the second order conditioning or higher order conditioning where the natural response is paired up with an external stimulus to condition a response.

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