Luke, a researcher, develops a psychological test to assess impulsiveness among adults and publishes it online. After a month, he publishes an article in which he presents evidence that college students tend to get essentially the same score if they take the test twice, two months apart. However, when Bianca, Luke's guide, looks at the questions included in the test, she thinks that they relate to a person's sociability rather than his or her impulsiveness. In this scenario, Bianca is specifically doubtful of the of Luke's test.

A. reliability

B. objectivity

C. validity

D. measurability

Option (C). Validity

Explanation: Validity is the degree to which a variable, test, questionnaire or instrument measures the theoretical concept that the researcher hopes to measure. validity is an indication of how sound your research is. More specifically, validity applies to both the design and the methods of your research. Validity in data collection means that your findings truly represent the phenomenon you are claiming to measure.

Furthermore, Validity referred to the extent to which the scores from a measure represent the variable they are intended to. When a measure has good test-retest reliability and internal consistency, researchers should be more confident that the scores represent what they are supposed to. In other to assess whether a study has construct validity, a research consumer should ask whether the study has adequately measured the key concepts in the study.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.

answer; rational if melanie values sleep more highly than the benefits she expects to receive from attending the class;