Which frog Ringer's treatment should show the largest force of contraction: normal Ringer's, Ringer’s with moderately high calcium, or Ringer’s with moderately high potassium? Do your results (tables and graphs) match what you expect?

Explanation: Well, moderately high calcium is supposed to have the biggest effect on the force of contraction because calcium influx in the driving force for heart contraction... Therefore, the increasing the amount of calcium will increase the heart rate more dramatically. In the results, high calcium levels have a greater percent change in contractile force so that matches what I expected. However, high potassium levels have a greater change in heart rate and that does not match what I expected..

the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.

the way in which a living organism or bodily part functions.