In the early 1980s, the Treasury yield curve had a severe downward slope with short-term yields near 20% and long-term yields below 15%. Explain how such a pattern might occur.

Martha participates in a research study in order to receive extra credit for her psychology class. when she arrives in the research office she is given a can of what looks and tastes like beer, but which actually contains no alcohol. in the adjoining room martha's classmate karen is also participating in the study. karen receives a can of alcoholic beer. if the experiment was designed to test the effects of alcohol on concentration, then who is exposed to the independent variable?