What two things are noted as having begun to change the "rigid attitude toward boys and girls" in the Arab world?

Westernization and globalization: women education, changes in old belief to a new positive one.

Explanation:

Arab world includes some states in some Part in Africa (North Africa), Western Asia, Iran, Indonesia and so on. Although, the main language of the religion --Islam is Arab but that does not mean that all Arabs are Muslims. So, you must put it at the back of your mind that not all Muslims are Arabs too.

The stereotype thing that for most Arabs men is to protect their women and in doing so, as a woman before you can get married you need permission from the males in your family whether your Father, Brother or Uncle. Also, for Arabs that are Muslim the ways their females have to behave can be found in the Islamic Holy book -- Qur'an.

Now that females are been educated and the acceptance of westernization many females now know their rights to equality and the are demanding for it.

answer; john stuart mill's principle of utility is your answer; /// good luck