When knowledge, information, attitudes, or beliefs are contradictory, is often experienced.

Read the scenario. samira is a freshman basketball player who hopes to go to college on a basketball scholarship. she is offered the chance to play on her school’s varsity basketball team, which plays in tournaments during holiday breaks. samira usually spends her breaks working at the local hardware store. after careful consideration, samira decides to stay on the freshman basketball team and keep working over breaks.the fact that samira may miss out on a scholarship opportunity by staying on the freshman team illustrates-a cause.-minor consequences.-a trade off.-unexpected risk.

This description of the "firm league of friendship" of states is a quotation from the

Peggy feels sorry for smokers who have lung cancer because she believes they were duped by tobacco companies to develop a deadly addiction and are therefore not responsible for their disease. when asked to donate money to support lung cancer research, peggy gives generously. peggy’s prosocial behavior can best be explained by the arousal: cost-reward model. the negative state relief model. a norm of equity. attributions of responsibility.