Badeaux describes her specialization as abnormal psychology. Dr. Carruthers states that her field is psychopathology. Based on information provided in the text and class discussions, it is MOST likely that Drs. Badeaux and Carruthers specialize in field(s).

Same field

Explanation:

 The psychopathology and the abnormal psychology are both related to the similar psychology field or the branch which is related to the study of emotions, feelings and the behavior of the person based on the environmental stimuli.

According to the question, Dr badeaux and the Dr carruthers both specialized in the same field as psychopathology and it basically deals with the personality disorder and the OCD ( Depression to obsessive-compulsive) disorder.        

 Therefore, Same field is the correct answer.

answer; (d) none of the above;

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.