Top-down planning that emphasizes formal strategy formulation and leaves the implementation issues to lower management levels is known as:.
a) forecast-based planning.
b) externally oriented planning.
c) strategic management.
d) basic financial planning.
e) None of these

B. externally-oriented planning

Explanation:

HarvardBusinessReview

Externally oriented planning is the third out of four discrete phases of the planning process, according to Gluck, Kaufman and Walleck’s

Read more: Externally oriented planning is one of the discrete phases of the planning process as described by Gluck, Kaufman and Walleck. It is a process used to search for untapped or emerging market opportunities while attempting to understand basic marketplace phenomena where in organizations begin to search for new ways to define and satisfy customer needs. It emphasizes on formal strategy formulation which include strategic thinking, understanding market elements that can be affected by rapid change drivers etc. with focus on consumers, competitors and suppliers. Here, lower level staff members may make decisions when financial and forecast based planning phases are ongoing.

option c

explanation:

strive for superiority

no, dan should reduce his discretionary spending. not long-term goals involve more planning than short-term goals do